{"product_id":"mutual-aid-a-factor-of-evolution-a-study-of-cooperation-in-nature-and-human-society-paperback","title":"Mutual Aid a Factor of Evolution: A Study of Cooperation in Nature and Human Society - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eKniaz Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA major work of social and scientific thought, \u003cem\u003eMutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution\u003c\/em\u003e presents Peter Kropotkin's argument that cooperation, rather than competition alone, has played a central role in the development of species and societies.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrawing on examples from the animal world, human communities, and historical institutions, Kropotkin challenges interpretations of evolution that emphasise struggle and conflict as the primary drivers of progress. Instead, he identifies patterns of cooperation and reciprocal support across different environments, suggesting that mutual aid contributes to survival, stability, and social organisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe work moves between natural observation and historical analysis, examining how cooperative behaviour appears in both biological and social contexts. Kropotkin's approach reflects the intellectual debates of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, engaging with contemporary interpretations of Darwinian theory while offering an alternative framework grounded in collective behaviour and shared benefit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 178\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.41 x 9 x 6 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e April 24, 2012\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49709347930362,"sku":"9781617207235","price":29.21,"currency_code":"MYR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/9634\/8410\/files\/0kquo4PZgA9781617207235.webp?v=1784224999","url":"https:\/\/international.senangin.com\/ms\/products\/mutual-aid-a-factor-of-evolution-a-study-of-cooperation-in-nature-and-human-society-paperback","provider":"Senangin","version":"1.0","type":"link"}